The Psychological Dynamics Underlying of Criminal Theft Accompanied by Violence

This study was aimed to describe the forms of aggressive behavior by the perpetrator of the crime of theft which is accompanied by violence and the factors that cause the perpetrator to commit theft accompanied by violence. The method used in this research is a qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach by using observation and interview data collection techniques. The data analysis technique consists of the following stages: analyzing all data, categorizing data, compiling psychological dynamics, connecting with theoretical foundations, and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that the forms of aggressive behavior committed by the perpetrators of criminal acts of theft accompanied by violence are verbal or symbolic aggression, namely in the form of harsh words, threatening, and cursing and physical aggressive behavior, namely: physical assault in the form of forcibly taking or confiscating the victim's property, hitting, injuring and injuring the victim using a sharp weapon.


INTRODUCTION
Violence is part of aggressive behavior. Violence is one of the aggressive types that pointed to extreme of physical aggression. Violence is defined as intensive pressure to people or property with the aim of damaging, punishing or controlling. This aggressive behavior can cause a person, especially men, to commit acts of violence against the victim. Whittaker (in Sagala, 2008) said that aggressive behavior is often used to indicate a tendency to attack other people or individuals who have the intention to cause physical or psychological injury, thus excessive physical action, criticism and use of harsh verbal language are also aggressive behavior. It is implied that aggressive behavior is a negative form of behavior that arises from stimulation, especially stimuli from the environment, which often results in a greater impact.
Aggressive behavior can be both physical and verbal and can occur to other people or objects that are target of aggressive behavior. Many figures explain the concept of aggressive behavior, according to Baron (in Koeswara, 1988) aggressive is individual behavior aimed at injuring or harming others who do not want the behavior to come. Additionally, Aronson (in ) explains that aggressive is behavior carried out by the individuals with the intention of hurting or harming others with or without a particular purpose. Meanwhile, Moore and Fine (in  defined aggression as either physically or verbally violent behavior toward other individuals or against objects. While Berkowitz (in Krahe, 2005) defines aggressive in terms of violating norms or socially unacceptable behavior, which means ignoring the problem that normative evaluation of behaviors is often different, depending on the perspective of the individuals involved. Violence is a form of being aggressive behavior that causes suffering or hurt others, and there is a difference between aggressive as a form of thought and feeling and being aggressive as a form of behavior (Adi, 2009). Aggressive is a response to anger, disappointment, feelings of revenge, or threats that provoke anger which can generate violent behavior in a way of resisting or punishing in the form of attacking, damaging, or killing (Adi, 2009). According to Atkinson (2001) there are several types of aggressive as follows: A. An Aggressive Instrumental, aggressive aimed at causing suffering to its victim by using tools, either objects or people or ideas that can be used to manifest their aggressive feelings, for example, people attack or injure others by using an object or tool to make another suffer.
B. Verbal Aggressiveness, aggressiveness that is done to the source of verbal aggression.
Verbal aggressive may be words of ill will or words that are thought to be capable of inflicting pain, injuring, offending, or causing others to suffer.  (Barron, 2003). This particular condition, for example, is the continuous pressure from the environment. When the pressure comes to causes frustration then the tendency to behave aggressively is greater than usual.
2. The Direct Provocation. The direct provocation from others is a powerful trigger of aggression. Rarely do we yield; in fact, it tries to equalizeor slightly exceedthe aggressive levels we receive from others (Barron, 20003). When it comes to direct provocation first, the tendency to behave aggressively also increases. An example is a brawl that occurs between football audiences as a result of mutual ridicule. This mutual ridicule is a form of direct provocation that ultimately results in aggressive behavior in the form of brawls.
3. Exposure to Violence. This happens in the mass media that is found increase aggressiveness among the audience. This occurs due to several factors, such as the initial exposure to aggressive thinking and the weakened defenses to refuse to be aggressive (Barron, 2003). The media scenes, both print or electronic, can never be separated from people's lives. One of them is a television. From the 240 million population in Indonesia, Nielsen surveyed urban communities in 10 cities (Jakarta, Surabaya, Medan, Semarang, Bandung, Makassar, Palembang, Yogyakarta, and Banjarmasin). It turns out that 94 percent of people spent about five and a half hours per day watching television (Rofiq, 2013). If the content on the television shows aggressive behavior, it will tend to make the society imitate it.

Increase Stimulation of Retention. It could increase aggression if the stimulation
persists after passing through where it occurs and is misinterpreted as an anger (Barron, 2003). As continuously increase external stimulation will trigger aggressive behavior.  (2003) also states individuals who have a bias attributional hostile that high attribute the actions of others on the mean hostie/hate. As a result, they become more aggressive than people who have low levels in these characteristics.
3. Gender. Barron (2003) noted that men are generally more aggressive rather than women, yet this difference is reduced in the context of the strong provocation. Men are more likely to use a direct form of aggression, yet women are more likely to use an indirect form of aggression. Men are more likely to engage in a forced sex than women.

C. Situational Factors
Barron (2003)  took other people's belongings yet also committed violence against the owner or related people/victims. Theft with violence itself is also often used sharp weapons in carrying out its action to make the victims feel afraid or threaten. Especially in the City of Surabaya, the perpetrators of the violent theft using a sharp weapon have been very unsettling to the society, they act not knowing the time and place.

METHOD
The method used in this research was a qualitative research method using a phenomenological approach. A phenomenological approach is a thinking view that emphasizes the experience-the subjective experience of the human being and its interpretation. This approach seeks to enter into the world of conceptual of the subject being researched in a such way that it can obtain an understanding of what and how the understanding is developed by them on events in the everyday life (Moleong, 2014). This research used data collection techniques of observation and interview. According to Bogdan and Biklen (in Moleong, 2014) qualitative data analysis is an effort made by working with data, organizing the data, sorting the data into units that can be managed, synthesizing them, looking for and finding the patterns, finding what is important and what is learned, and decide what to tell the others.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
This research took place from November 2020 until December 2020 at the Wonocolo Sector Police Detention Center in Surabaya. The characteristics of the informants were recorded as the perpetrators of a criminal acts of theft accompanied by violence. Interviews were conducted once in a week and each meeting conducted interviews for +2 hours. Based on the results of interviews and observations that conducted by the researchers, the perpetrator of criminal acted of theft accompanied by violence showed that in committing theft, the perpetrator did not only take other people's belongings, but also committed violence against the owners or related persons/victims. The perpetrators were committing theft also often use a sharp weapon in implementing its action to make victim feel threatened. Especially in the City of Surabaya, the perpetrators committed their crime with violence by using a sharp weapon has been very unsettling to the society, they have acted irrespective of time and place.
According to the theory of typological, the criminal act of theft accompanied by violence committed by the perpetrators, in criminology has developed four theories called the typological or bio-typologies theories. The fourth flow has a similarity of thoughts and methodologies. They have the assumption or hypothesis that there is a difference between a bad person and a non-evil person. One of the theories of typology is the Theory of Psychiatric.
The theory of psychiatric is advanced or continuation theory of Lombroso without any changes in the view in morphological characteristics (Made Darma Vedas, 1996: 19) that this theory emphasizes more on the elements of psychological, epilepsy and moral insanity as the causes of crime. The theory of psychiatric gives significance to the emotional chaos, which shall be deemed to arise in social interaction and not by inheritance. The love for their family could made them forgot themselves and would do anything for the sake of happiness of their family. Moreover, if the driving factor is overcome with a sense of anxiety, worries, and so forth, due to the parents (generally mothers who have been a widow), the wives or the child or children, are seriously ill. They require medication, while money is difficult to get. Therefore, the perpetrators can be motivated to commit theft. See the development of the economic currently, it cannot be denied that the level of human needs is increasing so that it requires or demand high spending. However, sometimes the high demands for spending are not matched by high income as well. Finally, to fulfill their needs, some people sometimes justify any means.
Based on the results of interviews that conducted by the researchers on the perpetrators of the theft with violence used a sharp weapon, the researchers divided the economic factors into 2 (two) parts, namely economic factors to fulfill their needs of life and economic factors that are used for fun or leisure. Economic factors to fulfill their needs cannot be equated with economic factors that are only for pleasure, because both are used in the different ways. These factors that researchers pointed out because in accordance with the results of the interviews the researchers to some of the inmate's case of theft with violence in the big city Wonocolo Sector Police of Surabaya, the calculation of the income of the perpetrators of accumulating the amount of income from the two inmates who have been interviewed, where the income level was divided into 3 namely low, medium, and high. Levels of low income, namely <Rp.
250.000/month is taken as the basic levels of where the figure is approaching the figure of the lowest income of the two prisoners who were interviewed, namely Rp.200,000/month, while the high-income level is >Rp.500,000/month, where the income is approaching the figure of the highest income of the two prisoners who were interviewed namely Rp.800.000/month. Here are the following results of the data that the researchers illustrated in the